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There are generally three modes of distributed photovoltaics nowadays: the first is the full grid mode, where all photovoltaic system power generation is sold to the State Grid; The second type is completely spontaneous self use mode, which means that the user completely consumes photovoltaic power generation; The third type is the spontaneous self use and surplus electricity grid mode, which means that when the electricity generated by photovoltaic power cannot be fully consumed by users, the remaining electricity is sold to the grid. However, when photovoltaic power generation cannot meet user needs, it is necessary to purchase electricity from the grid.
The Smart Meter Market Brought by Distributed Photovoltaic Power Stations
Among the three modes, the spontaneous self use and surplus power grid mode not only allows users to enjoy lower electricity prices, but also enables the nearby consumption of photovoltaic power generation, reducing the impact on the power grid, and is highly praised. In this mode, the electricity meter needs to measure real-time electricity generation, online electricity consumption, and offline electricity consumption. Therefore, a distributed photovoltaic power station system requires two intelligent meters.
A dual directional electricity meter should be used for measuring the electricity consumption between users and the public power grid, mainly for measuring the electricity consumption on and off the grid. However, traditional unidirectional smart electricity meters can only measure the electricity consumption of users in a single phase. In previous distributed photovoltaic power generation, two unidirectional meters were used for measurement. One meter measured the energy transmitted by users to the grid, and the other meter measured the energy used by users in the grid. This method is costly, difficult to construct, and difficult to maintain, which is not conducive to promotion. So at this point, we need intelligent meters with bidirectional metering function that have directional power and energy. When the electricity generated by the photovoltaic system cannot be fully consumed by the user, the remaining electricity is sold to the power grid, which is recorded as negative power or negative energy; When photovoltaic power generation cannot meet user needs and purchase electricity from the grid, it is recorded as positive power or positive energy. The bidirectional smart electricity meter has the function of displaying and storing positive and negative electricity data.
In addition, a one-way electricity meter needs to be added to calculate the total power generation and calculate electricity subsidies based on the total power generation, subsidy electricity price, desulfurization electricity price, grid electricity price, etc. The spontaneous self consumption of users is the difference between the generated electricity and the online electricity.
The average proportion of photovoltaic power generation in developed countries to total power generation is 15%. In 2017, the installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation in China reached 130 million kilowatts, but it still accounts for less than 2% of the total power generation. The future development potential of China's photovoltaic market is worth looking forward to, and the accompanying smart meter market is self-evident.
The deepening application of smart meter data can also create more value for distributed photovoltaics.
Photovoltaic poverty alleviation user monitoring platform
Distributed photovoltaics are small in scale, numerous in quantity, and relatively dispersed. The current data of photovoltaic power stations only rely on manual reporting, and monitoring software mainly focuses on meter reading for some simple analysis. This method not only consumes manpower, but also results in limited data and information, and each power station operates independently, which can easily form an "information island" and is difficult to centrally manage. By using big data as support to establish a unified photovoltaic monitoring platform, we can comprehensively grasp the construction and development of the entire distributed photovoltaic system, especially poverty alleviation photovoltaic systems; By promoting intelligent management through the platform, the connection between the platform, devices, and users becomes closer.
Advantages of photovoltaic user monitoring platforms:
Transparency of information: Photovoltaic poverty alleviation users can have real-time information on photovoltaic power generation, accurate evaluation of distributed power generation compensation electricity quantity and compensation amount, allowing users to clearly understand the economic benefits generated by these data, and their asset operation status is also clear at a glance, increasing user satisfaction.
Maintaining the safe and stable operation of the power grid: Distributed photovoltaic poverty alleviation power stations, as a type of distributed power generation, help reduce power demand and use clean energy in the power grid. The rapid growth of distributed photovoltaics also puts forward new requirements for power grid safety and consumption capacity, which has brought some adverse effects on the power quality of the power grid. The user monitoring platform accurately grasps and evaluates the power quality and line loss indicators of distributed photovoltaic systems through the collection of photovoltaic user data, and timely processes them to maintain grid stability.
Operation and maintenance services: Utilize user monitoring platforms to achieve power quality monitoring and abnormal intelligent diagnosis analysis of distributed photovoltaic poverty alleviation power stations. The platform can timely understand the operating status of equipment through power quality monitoring, make fault predictions for photovoltaic systems, and detect abnormalities in a timely manner. And anomalies can be reported through intelligent operation and maintenance software, and remote guidance from the operation and maintenance team can greatly reduce operation and maintenance costs, transform operation and maintenance work from passive to active, and improve efficiency.
The increment of the electricity meter market is gradually shrinking, and there is overcapacity. The industry is looking for a way out, and there is huge potential for the future development of distributed energy. With the continuous strong rigid demand in the market, as well as the driving force of policies and the improvement of market mechanisms, the growth trend of the distributed energy market will become stronger. As an emerging market for smart meters, distributed energy will bring opportunities for smart meters.
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